In recent years, Intel has been pushing advanced process technologies with unprecedented effort, aiming to surpass TSMC as quickly as possible and regain its leading position. The company has reiterated this strategy, especially emphasizing future 14A (1.4 nm-class) technology to consolidate its future leadership.
Currently, Intel is on track to achieve its goal of “five process nodes in four years,” with Intel 7, Intel 4 (using EUV lithography), and Intel 3 already in mass production.
Among these, Intel 3, an upgraded version designed for servers such as Sierra Forest and Granite Rapids, will be released this year, with the former featuring an all-E-core design with up to 288 cores.
The Intel 20A and Intel 18A nodes, equivalent to 2 nm and 1.8 nm respectively, are progressing smoothly. Both will continue using EUV technology and apply RibbonFET gate-all-around transistors and PowerVia backside power delivery technology.
With these two nodes, Intel aims to reclaim process leadership by 2025.
After that, Intel will continue to use innovative technologies to advance the development and manufacturing of future process nodes to maintain its leadership.
A critical component of this plan is High NA EUV technology, with numerical aperture (NA) as a measure of the ability to collect and focus light.
By upgrading the optical system that projects circuit patterns from the mask onto silicon wafers, High NA EUV lithography significantly enhances resolution, helping to further miniaturize transistors.
As Intel’s next advanced process node after Intel 18A, Intel 14A (1.4 nm-class) will adopt High NA EUV lithography.
To manufacture transistors with even smaller feature sizes, Intel is simultaneously developing new transistor structures while integrating High NA EUV lithography and improving process steps, such as reducing steps and simplifying processes through PowerVia backside power delivery technology.
Moreover, Intel has announced several iterations of Intel 3, Intel 18A, and Intel 14A to help customers develop and deliver products that meet their specific needs.
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