You might come across enthusiasts online who modify their setups to connect desktop-grade GPUs to laptops using PCIe extension cables, effectively creating an external GPU (eGPU) setup. While this is technically possible, it isn’t common practice for manufacturers for a few key reasons—primarily mobility and aesthetics.
01
Mobility and Durability
Carrying around an exposed GPU isn’t practical. The fans, heatsinks, and other delicate components would be exposed, making the setup vulnerable to damage. It’s unlikely many people would want to lug around a GPU like that, much less risk breaking it. It’s the same reason we don’t simply place a motherboard on a windowsill and use it as is—the PC case exists to protect delicate components and improve airflow while maintaining aesthetic appeal.
Some might suggest that manufacturers could design a case just for the GPU, but the problem lies in ventilation. You can’t make a case that’s too tight around the GPU’s fans and expect it to cool effectively. This is why ultra-thin laptops often have fans that spin wildly under load, yet their outer shell still gets hot—they simply can’t dissipate heat as efficiently as larger devices.
Additionally, many external GPUs (eGPUs) are targeted toward gamers, where aesthetics play a big role in product design. Consider brands like Alienware or Razer that design sleek and attractive eGPU docks—these aren’t just functional, they also look appealing.
02
Why External GPUs Aren’t Mainstream
The primary reason eGPUs haven’t become mainstream is due to their niche audience. Typically, the people who opt for an eGPU are those who need both portability and performance, such as users who want a lightweight laptop for work but still need gaming or graphical power at home.
But how large is this market? Not very big.
In fact, most people who need both gaming and work capabilities often just opt for a desktop at home and a laptop for portability. Moreover, gaming laptops these days are quite powerful, able to handle both work and play without the need for an external GPU. This overlap makes eGPUs less necessary and less appealing to the average user.
03
Performance and Cost Issues with eGPUs
External GPUs are neither particularly convenient nor cost-effective:
- Performance Loss: Thunderbolt (or similar connections) is fast, but it doesn’t compare to the bandwidth available on a direct PCIe connection in a desktop. This difference becomes especially pronounced when using a laptop’s built-in display because the data needs to transfer in both directions, further reducing performance. High-end GPUs, like the RTX 4080, might perform at the level of a 4070 when connected externally.
- High Cost: eGPU setups can be expensive. Besides the cost of the GPU itself, users must also purchase an eGPU enclosure (which includes a power supply, cooling, and Thunderbolt connection). For many, this cost is difficult to justify when gaming laptops or desktop alternatives provide better value.
04
Conclusion
External GPUs are likely to remain a niche product. While they offer a solution for users who need both portability and high performance, most people can either make do with a gaming laptop or stick with the more conventional desktop + laptop setup, which offers better value, convenience, and performance.
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